A JavaScript-based open-source front-end web application framework we can use to create dynamic web applications. This extends HTML with additional features and provides a framework to build single-page applications (SPAs).
AngularJS refers to the version 1.x of the framework. Whereas Angular refers to versions of 2.0 and above. Angular is a complete rewrite of AngularJS along with significant changes, that includes a modular and component-based architecture.
Data binding in Angular.js enables automatic synchronization of data between the model (JavaScript variables) and the view (HTML). Two-way data binding allows us to make changes in the model to automatically update the view, and vice versa.
Directives are markers on DOM elements that will extend the HTML’s functionality. They allow us to create customized reusable components, manipulate the DOM, and attach behaviors to elements.
Filters can transform and format data in views. These can be applied to expressions and directives to modify the output before we display it.
There are three different types of directives in Angular.js.
Dependency injection is a design pattern we can use in Angular.js. This will manage dependencies between various components of an application. It will allow components to define their dependencies in a declarative manner, and make them more testable and modular.
A module in Angular.js can be defined using the angular.module() function. The function takes in the module name and an array of dependencies as parameters. For example: angular.module(‘myApp’, []).
Controllers in Angular.js are responsible for handling an application’s business logic . They can manage the behavior and data associated with a particular view.
Objects that bind an HTML view along with the controller. Scopes provide a context to store and access data, and facilitate communication between a view and a controller.
Singleton objects in Angular.js that provide reusable functionality throughout an application.services will encapsulate business logic, data access and other common operations.
Routing in Angular.js is the ability to navigate between different pages or views of a single-page application. You can define routes, associate them with templates and controllers, and handle navigation between multiple pages.
The form validation mechanism in Angular.js has a built-in form controller and multiple validation directives like ng-pattern, ng-required, and ng-minlength. These also support custom validation logic.
Objects in Angular.js that represent an eventual result are called Promises.
A $scope is an object that represents the application model for an Angular application.
Each AngularJS application can have only one root scope but can have multiple child scopes. For example:
Some of the key characteristics of the $scope object are given below:
Angular.js is based on the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture. It can perform the operations listed below:
Controllers hold the JavaScript functions that will provide data and logic to the View or HTML UI. They will act as an interface between the Server side and HTML UI. A controller will accept $scope as a parameter that refers to the application/module that controller is going to control. Consider the example below:
var app = angular.module('myApp', []);
app.controller('myCtrl', function($scope) {
$scope.firstName = "Aryan";
$scope.lastName = "Khanna";
}); AngularJS controllers are used to
Code snippets that resolve to a value. Variables that are placed inside parenthesis are called expressions in Angular.js. They are added in the HTML elements and appear as the following syntax {{expression}}.
AngularJS expressions can also contain various valid expressions similar to JavaScript expressions. We can also use the operators between numbers, including strings, literals, objects, and arrays inside the expression {{ }}.
For example:
{{1+1}}
{{Name + " " + email}} (string)
{{ Country.Name }} (object)
{{ fact[4] }} (array)The commonly used Global API questions in Angular are as below:
The scope created in the Document Object Model (DOM) element. An application can have only one $rootScope that can be shared among other components. This has the ng-app directive and other scopes are called as it child scope. The $rootScope can watch propagate events and expressions.
Single page application (SPA) is a web application or website that can interact with users dynamically. In AngularJS, JavaScript, HTML, and CSS fit on a single page. They performs navigation without refreshing the entire HTML page.
We can use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to create a fresh AngularJs project. Running the ng new project_name command creates a new AngularJs project.
Angular can automatically initialize DOMContentLoaded event or when you download Angular.js script is to the browser.
Prior to this, AngularJS finds the ng-app directive that is the root of angular app compilation. When the ng-app directive is found, AngularJS do the following steps:
An important part of the data binding process in AngularJs, that willcompare the old and new versions of the scope model. Digest cycle can be automatically or manually triggered by using $apply() function.
AngularJs Material offers a set of well-tested, reusable UI components for an AngularJs programmer. It is an implementation of the Material Design Specification of Google.
| Angular 7 | Angular 8 |
| Hard to use | Easy to use |
| It provides supports for the lower version of Typescript 3.4 programming language | It does not provide support for the lower version of Typescript 3.4 programming language |
| Supports all versions of Node.js | Supports only Node.js 12 version. |
A JavaScript wrapper class denoted by Zone.js. Ng-zone enables developers to explicitly run certain code outside Angular’s zone. This inhibits angular to run any change detection.
| Component | Directive |
| Angular component is a directive that enables you to utilize the web component functionality throughout the application. | Angular directive is a technique by which we attach behavior to the elements. |
| It helps you to divides your application into smaller components. | It helps you to design the reusable components. |
| It can define pipes | It cannot define pipes. |
Angular AOT (Ahead of Time) is a compiler that will converts angular HTML and typescript code to JavaScript code.
The different types of filters used in AngularJS are:
1) Currency
2) Uppercase
3) Lowercase
4) orderBy
5) JSON
6)limitTo.
The function is a lifecycle hook that is called after completion of data-bound properties of the directive.
Transclusion enables developers to reallocate the original directive children into a specific location within a template. The directive ng shows the insertion point for a transcluded DOM of the nearest parent directive, which is using transclusion. Ng-transclude-slot or ng-transclude directives are mainly used for transclusion.
AOT (Ahead of Time) is a compiler in AngularJs converts the angular HTML and typescript code into the JavaScript code.
1) Currency, 2) Uppercase, 3) Lowercase, 4) orderBy, 5) JSON, and 6) limitTo.
ngOnInit () function is a lifecycle hook. It is being called after completion of data-bound properties of the directive.
Pipes provide a simple method that transforms the data. They take in values like integers, arrays, data, and strings as input and divided by the pipe (|) symbol. It will then convert the data in the required format. Pipes display the same thing in the browser. AngularJs provides some in-built pipes. However, developers can also create their own pipes.
Ionic covers the UI layer, I.e buttons, tabs, header, footer, cards, etc. it sits on top of frameworks like Angular, React, and Vue.
Yes, we can use the Angular CLI’s ‘ng add’ command to add this feature. We can also add necessary imports to the @ionic/angular package.
The frameworks have adopted TypeScript as their primary language for their client-side development.
@Injectable() is a decorator that defines a class as a service in Angular and allows Angular to inject it into a component as a dependency. Likewise, the @Injectable() decorator indicates that a component, pipe, class, or NgModule has a dependency on a service. The injector is the main mechanism.
Ionic has standalone components since it’s 6.3.0 version release. These can be used in Angular 14 and 15 projects.
We can use a redirect route that. The ionic router redirects to the path specified in a property when a defines ion-route-redirect is matched.
We can get a device id using the code below in a home.ts class.
import { Device } from '@capacitor/device';
const logDeviceInfo = async () => {
const info = await Device.getInfo();
console.log(info);
};
const logBatteryInfo = async () => {
const info = await Device.getBatteryInfo();
console.log(info);
};The module can be used without adding a separate dependency in Angular projects of Ionic. It can be imported from the @angular/common/.. built-in dependency of Ionic Angular apps.
JavaScript is a programming language we can use to manipulate the DOM (Document Object Model). Whereas, AngularJS extends its capabilities with different technologies. JavaScript doesn’t support dependency injection. AngularJS supports both data binding and dependency injection.
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